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Java Man
Java Man (''Homo erectus erectus'') is the popular name given to early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892. Led by Eugène Dubois, the excavation team uncovered a tooth, a skullcap, and a thighbone at Trinil on the banks of the Solo River in East Java. Arguing that the fossils represented the "missing link" between apes and humans, Dubois gave the species the scientific name ''Anthropopithecus erectus'', then later renamed it ''Pithecanthropus erectus''.
The fossil aroused much controversy. Less than ten years after 1891, almost eighty books or articles had been published on Dubois's finds. Despite Dubois' argument, few accepted that Java Man was a transitional form between apes and humans. Some dismissed the fossils as apes and others as modern humans, whereas many scientists considered Java Man as a primitive side branch of evolution not related to modern humans at all. In the 1930s Dubois made the claim that ''Pithecanthropus'' was built like a "giant gibbon", a much misinterpreted attempt by Dubois to prove that it was the "missing link".
Eventually, similarities between ''Pithecanthropus erectus'' (Java Man) and ''Sinanthropus pekinensis'' (Peking Man) led Ernst Mayr to rename both ''Homo erectus'' in 1950, placing them directly in the human evolutionary tree. To distinguish Java Man from other ''Homo erectus'' populations, some scientists began to regard it as a subspecies, ''Homo erectus erectus'', in the 1970s. Other fossils found in the first half of the twentieth century in Java at Sangiran and Mojokerto, all older than those found by Dubois, are also considered part of the species ''Homo erectus''. Estimated to be between 700,000 and 1,000,000 years old, at the time of their discovery the fossils of Java Man were the oldest hominin fossils ever found. The fossils of Java Man have been housed at the Naturalis in the Netherlands since 1900.
==History of discoveries==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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